If you’ve ever considered adding a suppressor to your firearm, you might be wondering about the legal process involved. Purchasing a suppressor in the United States isn’t as simple as buying other firearm accessories. Due to regulations under the National Firearms Act (NFA), acquiring a suppressor involves paperwork, fees, and waiting times. This guide will break down the process, including ATF Form 4, tax stamps, and NFA trusts, so you know exactly how to buy a suppressor legally.

Step 1: Verify Suppressor Legality in Your State

Before diving into the details, ensure suppressor ownership is legal in your state. Suppressors are currently legal in 42 states for civilian ownership. However, they are restricted in the following states:

• California
• Delaware
• Hawaii
• Illinois
• Massachusetts
• New Jersey
• New York
• Rhode Island

Check your local laws as restrictions can vary even within suppressor-friendly states.

Step 2: Select the Right Suppressor

Choosing the right suppressor for your firearm and intended use is crucial. Consider factors such as:

• Caliber compatibility
• Material (e.g., titanium, Inconel)
• Mounting system (direct thread or quick-detach)
• Size and weight

For more details, refer to our guide on Choosing the Right Suppressor for Your Firearm.

Step 3: Understand the Suppressor Transfer Process

Suppressors are classified as NFA-regulated items, meaning they require approval from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) before transfer to the buyer. Here's how the process works:

Form 3 vs. Form 4

• Form 3: Used by manufacturers or dealers to transfer a suppressor to another licensed dealer (tax-exempt). This step is required when your dealer doesn’t have the suppressor in stock and must acquire it from another dealer.
• Form 4: Used to transfer the suppressor from a dealer to an individual, trust, or business. This form requires a $200 tax stamp.

Step 4: Choose Your Filing Method

You can purchase a suppressor either as an individual, through a trust, or as part of a business entity. Each method has unique implications:

Individual Purchase

• Pros:
  • Simplest option with fewer administrative requirements.
  • Faster approval times for ATF eForms.
• Cons:
  • Only the registered individual can possess the suppressor.
  • If others handle or store the suppressor without your presence, it may be considered illegal possession.

NFA Trust

• What is an NFA Trust? An NFA trust is a legal entity that allows multiple trustees to possess and use the suppressor legally.
• Pros:
  • Multiple individuals (trustees) can legally share possession.
  • Simplifies inheritance of the suppressor.
  • Ideal for families or groups sharing firearms.
• Cons:
  • Requires legal setup and additional costs.
  • Longer ATF approval times compared to individual filings.

Business Entity

• Pros:
  • Allows suppressor possession for employees or business purposes.
  • Useful for FFL holders with business applications.
• Cons:
  • Limited to business-related activities.

Step 5: Submit ATF Form 4

Once you’ve chosen your filing method, it’s time to complete ATF Form 4 to apply for the suppressor transfer. Here’s what you need:

Required Documents:

• A completed ATF Form 4.
• Two recent passport-style photos.
• Two fingerprint cards (FD-258).
• $200 tax payment for the suppressor tax stamp.

Filing Options:

• eForm 4: The ATF's electronic filing system allows faster processing times, with approvals averaging 41–115 days depending on the filing type.
• Paper Form 4: Paper submissions take significantly longer, often 200–300 days.

Step 6: Pay the Tax Stamp Fee

Every suppressor purchase requires a $200 tax stamp fee, which is non-refundable. This fee is part of the NFA regulatory process and applies to each suppressor purchased.

Step 7: Wait for ATF Approval

After submitting your Form 4 and paying the tax stamp fee, you’ll need to wait for the ATF to approve your application. Current processing times vary:

• eForm 4 (Individual): ~41 days
• eForm 4 (Trust): ~115 days
• Paper Form 4: 200–300 days

Your suppressor dealer will notify you once your application is approved.

Step 8: Pick Up Your Suppressor

Once the ATF approves your Form 4, you can pick up your suppressor from your local dealer. Remember to bring your ID and any necessary paperwork when completing the transfer.

FAQs: Common Questions About Buying a Suppressor

What is a tax stamp?

A tax stamp is a $200 fee required for purchasing NFA-regulated items, including suppressors. It is paid once per item and is non-refundable.

Do I need a special license to own a suppressor?

No special license is required. However, you must complete the ATF approval process and pay the $200 tax stamp.

Can I travel with my suppressor?

Yes, you can travel with your suppressor to suppressor-friendly states. No additional paperwork is required for interstate travel, but always verify the laws in your destination state.

Can I cancel my suppressor order?

You can cancel your suppressor order before submitting ATF paperwork. Once the application is filed, the purchase cannot be canceled.

Final Thoughts

Buying a suppressor legally requires patience and understanding of the ATF approval process. Whether you choose to file as an individual, trust, or business, following the correct steps ensures compliance and peace of mind.

Suppressors are more than just firearm accessories—they enhance your shooting experience by reducing noise, improving accuracy, and protecting your hearing. With proper knowledge and preparation, you can legally purchase a suppressor and enjoy its many benefits.

Ready to start the process? Explore our selection of suppressors and find the perfect fit for your firearm!